Kapal terdaftar dalam daftar kapal Indonesia dibuktikan dengan grosse akta pendaftaran kapal, dapat dijadikan jaminan utang hipotek. Perusahaan patungan dapat mendaftarkan kapalnya jika modal asing maksimal 49%. Grosse akta pendaftaran kapal dapat dinyatakan batal atau tidak sah berdasarkan Pasal 27 Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 39 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pendaftaran Dan Kebangsaan Kapal apabila saham dikuasai pihak asing. Jika pembebanan hipotek masih berjalan, terjadi saham dikuasai asing, memunculkan pertanyaan akibat hukum pembatalan grosse akta pendaftaran kapal terhadap status objek jaminan hipotek dan bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur pemegang hipotek yang grosse akta pendaftaran kapalnya dinyatakan batal. Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan dan dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa akibat hukum pembatalan grosse akta pendaftaran kapal terhadap status objek jaminan, status kapal menjadi kapal tidak terdaftar yang membawa implikasi pada status hukum kapal, yakni bukan lagi benda tidak bergerak, tetapi sebagai benda bergerak, tunduk pada ketentuan benda bergerak dalam BW. Dengan demikian, perjanjian jaminan hipotek menjadi batal demi hukum. Namun, terhadap kepemilikan kapal tidak terjadi peralihan. Perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur pemegang hipotek yang grosse akta pendaftaran kapalnya dibatalkan, saat kapal tidak terdaftar, kreditur dapat mengikat kapal dengan perjanjian jaminan fidusia. Jika kapal kembali terdaftar, kreditur dapat mengikat kapal dengan perjanjian jaminan hipotek. Disamping itu, kreditur dapat pula menggunakan dasar hukum Pasal 1131 dan 1132 BW dalam rangka mempercepat pelunasan melalui kepailitan apabila terdapat minimal dua kreditur yang memenuhi syarat memohonkan pailit atau kreditur dapat meminta tambahan jaminan berupa penanggungan dengan pihak penjamin seseorang atau perusahaan. Kata kunci: Perlindungan hukum, pemegang hak hipotek, pembatalan grosse akta pendaftaran kapal.

ABSTRACK Ships registered in the Indonesian vessel list are proven by grosse ship registration certificate, can be used as collateral for mortgage loans. Joint ventures can register their ships if foreign capital is a maximum of 49%. Grosse ship registration certificate can be declared void or invalid under Article 27 of the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 39 of 2017 concerning Registration and Nationality of Ships if the shares are controlled by a foreign party. If the mortgage is still ongoing, shares are controlled by foreigners, raises the question due to the legal grosse cancellation of the vessel registration deed against the object status of the mortgage guarantee and how legal protection for the creditor of the mortgage holder grosse the registration deed is declared null and void. This legal research uses normative methods with the method of legislation approach and is analyzed juridically qualitatively. The results of this study conclude that the legal consequences of grosse cancellation of ship registration deed against the status of the collateral object, the status of the ship becomes an unregistered ship which has implications for the legal status of the ship, that is no longer as immovable objects, but as moving objects, subject to the provisions of moving objects in BW. Therefore, mortgage guarantee agreements are null and void. However, there is no transition to ship ownership. Legal protection for creditors of mortgage holders whose registration certificate has been canceled, when the ship is not registered, the creditor can bind the vessel with a fiduciary guarantee agreement. If the vessel is re-registered, the creditor can bind the vessel with a mortgage guarantee agreement. Besides that, the creditor can also use the legal basis of Article 1131 and 1132 BW in order to expedite repayment through bankruptcy if there are at least two creditors who meet the requirements to apply for bankruptcy or the creditor may request additional guarantees in the form of coverage with the guarantor of a person or company. Keywords : Legal protection, mortgage holder, grosse cancellation of ship registration certificate.

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